“A”-17

12-13 March 1963

This movement was written in response to WCW’s death on 4 March 1963. When first published in Poetry 103.1 & 3 (Oct.-Nov. 1963), the editor, Henry Rago, noted that “When Louis Zukofsky sent us his Coronal he hoped that Flossie Williams might see it in print in time for William Carlos Williams’s 80th birthday, September 17th [WCW born 1883]. This issue of Poetry [featuring long poems and sequences] seemed to us the right place for it; we trust that it comes out near enough to that date to be an observance. Mr. Zukofsky writes: ‘The intervening movements of “A” (following 13 which has been printed) are still notes—largely in my head, and may take some years to write down. I try not to hurry “A” but let its form happen. But when I felt the need to gather the poem to make the number of this movement correspond with the day of his birth. Other movements of “A” were not written in chronological order, trusting the sequence would work out. And that’s the form of it, I suppose’” (Contributors 140).

377.1    A CORONAL: a crown, wreath, or garland (CD). See 377.4.

377.2    for Floss: Florence Herman Williams, married WCW 12 Dec. 1912 and died 1976.

377.3            Anemones: a widely distributed genus of herbaceous perennials, the wind-flowers, natural order Ranunculaceoe; the flowers are showy, readily varying in color and becoming double in cultivation. See 16.276.3.

377.4    “But we ran ahead of it all…: through 377.9 from WCW’s poem “A Coronal,” originally published in The Little Review (Jan. 1920):
New books of poetry will be written
New books and unheard of manuscripts
will come wrapped in brown paper
and many and many a time
the postman will bow
and sidle down the leaf-plastered steps
thumbing over other men’s business.

But we ran ahead of it all.
One coming after
could have seen her footprints
in the wet and followed us
among the stark chestnuts.

Anemones sprang where she pressed
and cresses
stood green in the slender source—
And new books of poetry
will be written, leather-colored oakleaves
many and many a time.

377.10  Not boiling to put pen to paper…: quoted from 1.4.11-12; the following two lines quoted from WCW’s A Voyage to Pagany (see 1.4.17-18).

377.15  … art’s high effort…: see CSP 35. This 1928 poem  refers to Pieter Brueghel the Elder’s painting “Haymaking,” thus anticipating WCW’s own Brueghel poems “The Dance” in The Wedge (1944) and Pictures from Brueghel (1962). See 8.66.15, 13.377.19.

378.1    The melody! The rest is accessory…: quoted from 6.24.20-25.

378.9    In a work most indigenously of these States…: see Prep+ 198; originally published in the “Objectivists” issue of Poetry (Feb. 1931).

378.19  … The principle of varying the stress of a regular meter…: see Prep+ 138, 150-151; LZ’s ellipses indicate that he is quoting from the original rather than revised Prepositions version of the essay, published in The Symposium 2.1 (Jan. 1931).

378.32            MARCH: WCW’s poem was published in Sour Grapes (1921) and reprinted in An “Objectivists” Anthology (1931). An earlier version of this poem was pruned by H.D. for its original publication in The Egoist (1916), and the letter giving her justifications for doing so was reproduced by WCW in his Preface to Kora in Hell (see WCW, Collected Poems I 493-494).

378.34  “who has / a / taste…: from Song 27 (“Song—3/4 time”) (CSP 58 and 61).

379.13  names are sequent to the things named: epigraph to “‘Mantis,’ An Interpretation” (CSP 67) where LZ also gives the original Latin, “Nomina sunt consequential rerum,” from Chap. XIII of Dante, La Vita Nuova.

379.15  Is the poem then, a sestina…: see CSP 70. “‘Mantis,’ An Interpretation” was partially instigated by WCW’s doubts about the sestina form of “Mantis,” expressed in the lines LZ quotes at 379.21-22, slightly revised from a remark WCW made in response to “Mantis” in a 30 Oct. 1943 letter: “I myself dread the implications of too regular form—our world will not stand it. The result of the implied comparison being unreality. This is usually interpreted as falsity” (WCW/LZ 202).

380.4    1869. A Chapter of Erie…: quoted from 8.76.9, 20-21; see note at 15.374.6.

380.8    The white chickens of 24b…: see TP 101, commenting on WCW’s red wheelbarrow poem from Spring and All (1923).

380.13  They were together now in the time…: see CF 262-264; these quotations are from the last 3 pages of “Ferdinand,” about which WCW expressed dissatisfaction, although LZ evidently did not change his mind (see WCW/LZ 287-288, 304-305).

380.28  If number, measure and weighing…: from Anew 14 (CSP 85); quoting Plato, Philebus. LZ sent this poem to WCW on 24 Jan. 1942, to which WCW commented that although he did not get the beginning, he liked the latter half including the section LZ quotes (WCW/LZ 310-313).

380.32  You three:—: from Anew 42 (CSP 99). WCW is presumably one of the three referred to, probably “the one who still writes to me.” WCW remarked on receiving this poem: “The best you have ever written, in my calm opinion” (WCW/LZ 334), and singled it out for particular praise in his review-essay of Anew, “A New Line Is a New Measure” (The New Quarterly of Poetry 2.2, Winter 1947/48), which he concludes by quoting the four-page poem complete. The quoted remark is from WCW’s review: “In this poem, all Zukofsky’s art, that is to say, his life, has fruited” (Something to Say 169).

381.2    THE WEDGE: LZ was heavily involved in the editing and shaping of this important collection of poems, which WCW acknowledged by dedicating the volume to LZ. See Ahearn in WCW/LZ 549-554; Neil Baldwin, “Zukofsky, Williams, and The Wedge”; Sandra Kumanoto Stanley, “The Link between Williams and Zukofsky.”

381.13  Choral: The Pink Church: see WCW, Collected Poems II 177-180. As noted, CZ wrote music for WCW’s poem, which was included along with the original publication of the poem in Briarcliff Quarterly (Oct. 1946), as well as in The Pink Church (Columbus, OH: Golden Goose Press, 1949).

381.16  “… all gentleness and its / enduring …”: from WCW’s “To All Gentleness” (Collected Poems II 68), which was included in The Wedge (see 381.2). This phrase was one of a short catalog of quotations appended to the end of the original version of LZ’s “Poetry For My Son When He Can Read” (Prep+ 217), first published in Cronos 2.4 (March 1948). WCW mentions revising this poem in response to LZ’s suggestion in a 24 Oct. 1943 letter that also congratulates LZ on the birth of PZ (WCW/LZ 343).

381.26            PATERSON (Book One): published June 1946.

381.27            Aristotle knew that…: see Prep+ 48, 49, 51; written in 1948, this essay was incorporated into “Poetry in a Modern Age,” ostensibly a review of Vivienne Koch’s William Carlos Williams, Poetry 76.3 (June 1950); then published under the title LZ gives in The Massachusetts Review (1962), and finally collected as part II of “William Carlos Williams” in Prepositions (1967). On “a this” see 12.163.22.

382.1            “Constitution Day…: this letter in WCW/LZ 404, which includes WCW’s response to CZ at more length. Although written, CZ’s music apparently was never published as, understandably, Floss Williams was unhappy with the poem; “Turkey in the Straw” is in WCW, Collected Poems II 231.

382.18  W / Ah, my craft, it is as Homer says…: part III of “Chloride of Lime and Charcoal” (CSP 127); this section of the poem is quoted complete. Evidently, LZ sent this with a dedicatory letter (possibly the “Old Note” of 381.27) to WCW, who forwarded both to James Laughlin, but the latter never published either (WCW/LZ 417).

383.1            William / Carlos / Williams / alive!: see CSP 148-151.

386.1    That song / is the kiss…: from “4 Other Countries” on the Zukofskys’ European trip in 1957 (CSP 180-181, 190-191). WCW was enthusiastic on receiving this poem: “I mean it, I’m going to stop writing forever unless and until I can somewhat imitate you as you have written this poem—and that’s not to be. I am warmed at this poem to the roots of my being” (WCW/LZ 501). Interestingly the second passage LZ quotes clearly evokes EP, who frequently refers to the tomb of Galla Placidia in The Cantos. Galla Placidia (c. 388-450) was empress with Theodorius I (c.346-395) of the Western Roman Empire, and her vaulted tomb, located next to the church of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy, is adorned with gold mosaics. Cf. Pound’s lines, “In the gloom, the gold gathers the light against it” (11/51) and “Gold fades in the gloom / Under the blue-black roof, Placidia” (21/98).

387.1    Passer, deliciae meae puellae…: the opening L. line of Catullus, Carmina 2 with LZ’s Catullus translation of the entire poem (CSP 245). LZ sent the versions of the first three Catullus poems with dedications to WCW and Floss Williams on 6 June 1958 (WCW/LZ 495), possibly the first outsiders to see the Catullus project.

387.14  Dear Bill, / This is, as you will find out, for the nation…: see Prep+ 45, where “The Nation” is capitalized indicating it was originally written for publication  in The Nation 186.22 (31 May 1958) as “The Best Human Value.” Paterson V was published in 1958.

387.20  (In Karel van Mander’s painting…: see Bottom 185; this and the following two passages cover the three references to WCW in the index to Bottom. Karel (or Carel) van Mander (1548-1606), Dutch artist whose painting, “Chess Portrait,” dated 1604 and done while he was in England for James I’s coronation, depicts two chess players who have often, if not definitively, been identified as Jonson and Shakespeare.

387.28  “the living tongue resembled that tree…: see Bottom 192. LZ notes that the quoted material is from James Russell Lowell’s essay, “Shakespeare Once More” (1868). WCW’s “The Botticellian Trees” (1931) begins: “The alphabet of  / the trees // is fading in the / song of the leaves” (WCW, Collected Poems I 348), and LZ included this poem in the “Objectivists” issue of Poetry (Feb. 1931).

387.33  “—they had eyes . . / —and saw…: see Bottom 262; through 388.2 from WCW’s Paterson V (Paterson 224, 330). The first three lines LZ quotes are significantly truncated; WCW’s version reading: “—they had eyes for visions / in those days—and saw, / saw with their proper eyes […].”

388.3    Grand entr’oeil, et regard joly: see Bottom 262; from François Villon’s Le Testament, “Les regrets de la belle Hëaulmiere” (The Lament of the Belle Heaulmiere): “wide spaced eyes and pretty glance.” In Bottom, LZ follows the above lines from WCW’s Paterson V (387.33-388.2) with a sequence of quotations from Villon, Shakespeare and Chaucer; it is not clear whether these were included in an earlier version of Paterson V or, more likely, are LZ’s analogous additions.

388.5    Pretty / Look down out how pretty…: see CSP 232.

388.20  Ille mi par esse deo videtur…: see CSP 269. The first L. line of Catullus’ poem translates: “He seems to me to be equal to a god…” (trans. F.W. Cornish). This poem is Catullus’ rewriting of a famous Sappho fragment, which WCW translated and included at the beginning of Part II of Paterson V (Paterson 215).

388.34            Pictures from Brueghel…: WCW’s last volume of poetry was published in 1962 and posthumously won the 1963 Pulitzer Prize. WCW died 4 March 1962. The awkward signature indicates the physical difficulties he had following a series of strokes beginning in 1951.